Definition: The word "cartography" means the process of drawing maps or plans from their representations in paper or on a map. In other words, it involves creating visual representations of geographical features such as roads, rivers, mountains, cities, etc., that are used to inform decision-making and planning. Cartographic concepts can be divided into two main categories: topographical (topological) and thematic cartography. Topographical cartography focuses on mapping the physical geography of a region or area. It uses maps to depict physical features such as mountain ranges, rivers, lakes, coastlines, etc., that are essential for understanding land use patterns, climate conditions, and human habitation. Thematic cartography, on the other hand, is concerned with mapping thematic information. This includes aspects of culture, geography, history, politics, or any other subject that relates to a specific area. It often involves maps that depict landscapes, communities, institutions, etc., in a specific context. Both topographical and thematic cartography can be used for various purposes, such as emergency response planning, resource management, economic analysis, and strategic planning.
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